• 1. 
    Which Crusade leader’s death while attempting to swim a stream was regarded by Muslims in the Holy Land as an act of God?

  • Philip II
  • Conrad III
  • Frederick I
  • Richard I
  • 2. 
    Which Muslim leader captured Jerusalem and stalemated the efforts of the Third Crusade?

  • Shāmil
  • Saladin
  • Murad I
  • Ibn Tūmart
  • 3. 
    Which French king, driven by his interest in uniting the Crusading orders, arranged the suppression and then the destruction of the Knights Templar?

  • Louis XVI
  • Louis IX
  • Philip II
  • Philip IV
  • 4. 
    What military technology was used effectively to defend Constantinople against Muslim assault?

  • Greek fire
  • cannon
  • catapult
  • crossbow
  • 5. 
    Which Mamlūk sultan, noted for his military campaigns against the Crusaders, was poisoned to death when he drank from a cup intended for someone else?

  • al-Ḥākim
  • Aybak
  • Baybars I
  • Saladin
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