Invented in 1603 by German astronomer Christoph Scheiner, which instrument was used for copying a drawing on an enlarged or a reduced scale in a given ratio?

From the 16th century onward, the speed of a ship was measured by what English invention?

Which astronomer, mathematician, and geographer developed a geocentric (earth-centered) model of the universe?

Which shadow clock consists of a straight base with a raised crosspiece at one end?

Which is an accurate, portable timekeeping device often used for determining longitude at sea?

Which is an ancient device for measuring time by the gradual flow of water?

What is the mechanism in a watch or clock that controls the transfer of energy from the power source to the counting mechanism?

What type of sundial consists of a gnomon that casts a shadow on a hollow sphere?

Which is an early astronomical device for representing the great circles of the heavens?

What simple measuring device is a semicircular disk graduated in degrees from 0 to 180?

What early scientific instrument used for reckoning time and for observational purposes came into wide use beginning in the early Middle Ages in Europe and the Islamic world?

Which is a Chinese jade form found in the Shang and Zhou dynasties that may have been used as an astronomical instrument to plot the location of the stars?

Which Scottish inventor discovered logarithms, by means of which addition replaces multiplication and subtraction replaces division?

The invention of which basic surveying instrument used to measure horizontal and vertical angles is often credited to English mathematician Leonard Digges?

What surveyor's compass with diametrical projecting arms is sometimes called a “Holland circle”?