• 1. 
    What is the full name of “The Rand,” the ridge of gold-yielding rock in Gauteng province, South Africa?

  • Krugerrand
  • Randers Fjord
  • Witwatersrand
  • Kaap Plateau
  • 2. 
    What is the theory that posits large-scale horizontal movements of continents that occur over long episodes of geologic time?

  • greenhouse effect
  • seafloor spreading
  • continental drift
  • gradualism
  • 3. 
    In geology, what is a monadnock?

  • a valley
  • a type of hill
  • a type of lake
  • another name for a stream
  • 4. 
    What is another name for a drowned river valley?

  • ria
  • peninsula
  • bay
  • grotto
  • 5. 
    What instrument is used to measure the ground oscillations produced by an earthquake?

  • spectroscope
  • magnetic resonance imager
  • seismograph
  • radioscope
  • 6. 
    What is the name of the Swiss-born American geologist, geographer, and educator whose extensive meteorological observations led to the founding of the U.S. Weather Bureau?

  • Arnold Henry Guyot
  • Maria Kirch
  • Maud Leonora Menten
  • Raphael W. Pumpelly
  • 7. 
    Who was the first person to describe and apply a scientific measuring technique for determining the size of the Earth?

  • Eratosthenes
  • Hypatia
  • Pythagoras
  • Hippocrates
  • 8. 
    What section of the North American continental shelf, lying off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada, is a major international fishing ground formed by the meeting of the cold Labrador Current and the warm Gulf Stream?

  • Grand Banks
  • North Sea
  • Lake Michigan
  • Outer Banks
  • 9. 
    What is the broad, relatively shallow submarine platform that forms a border to a continent called?

  • a caldera
  • a continental shelf
  • continental drift
  • the coastal plain
  • 10. 
    What was England’s richest natural resource for most of the 19th and 20th centuries?

  • coal
  • silver
  • iron ore
  • manganese
  • 11. 
    Which theory, formulated during the 1960s, deals with the dynamics of the Earth’s outer shell, the lithosphere?

  • seismology
  • dipolar hypothesis
  • plate tectonics
  • quantum mechanics
  • 12. 
    What does the term Lewisian Complex refer to?

  • a mountain range named for Meriwether Lewis
  • two extinct volcanoes in Utah
  • a series of valleys in the floor of the Atlantic Ocean
  • division of Precambrian rocks
  • 13. 
    What is the primary device, in navigation or surveying, for finding direction on the surface of the Earth?

  • chronometer
  • compass
  • protractor
  • sextant
  • 14. 
    What term refers to any sudden disturbance within the Earth that makes the ground shake?

  • avalanche
  • tsunami
  • earthquake
  • tornado
  • 15. 
    What kind of rock is formed by the cooling and solidification of magma?

  • sedimentary
  • metamorphic
  • igneous
  • sial
  • 16. 
    What type of spring issues water at temperatures substantially higher than the surrounding air temperature?

  • volcano
  • mineral spring
  • seiche
  • hot spring
  • 17. 
    Which of these terms describes the rhythmic motion of water in lakes that is sometimes induced by earthquakes?

  • riptide
  • undertow
  • spring
  • seiche
  • 18. 
    What is the name of a fracture in the Earth’s crust where the rocks on either side are displaced relative to one another?

  • drumlin
  • fault
  • ria
  • epicentre
  • 19. 
    Who was the American geographer and geologist who founded the science of geomorphology?

  • William Morris Davis
  • Rosalind Franklin
  • Henrietta Lacks
  • Gerardus Mercator
  • 20. 
    What is a narrow strip of land connecting two large land areas otherwise separated by the sea?

  • a strait
  • an isthmus
  • a peninsula
  • a canal
  • 21. 
    What name is given to the flat land area that is composed of unconsolidated sedimentary deposits adjacent to a stream?

  • beach
  • bank
  • oxbow
  • floodplain
  • 22. 
    What name is given to a bench or step that extends along the side of the valley and represents a former level of the valley floor?

  • horst
  • ridge
  • bank
  • river terrace
  • 23. 
    Granite is an example of which rock type?

  • sedimentary
  • igneous
  • metamorphic
  • basalt
  • 24. 
    What is the name for a deposit of windblown sand and clay weakly cemented by calcite?

  • loess
  • lava
  • playa
  • mulch
  • 25. 
    What do geologists call a broad bowl-shaped volcanic crater?

  • a basin
  • a caldera
  • a fumarole
  • a cinder cone
  • 26. 
    Where is the world’s highest plateau located?

  • Switzerland
  • southwestern China
  • western North America
  • southeastern Peru and western Bolivia
  • 27. 
    In geology, what is a meander?

  • short waterfall
  • extreme bend in a river or stream
  • small hill
  • glacial debris
  • 28. 
    The San Andreas Fault is located in which U.S. state?

  • California
  • Missouri
  • Hawaii
  • Illinois
  • 29. 
    What is an aquifer?

  • geyser
  • spring
  • water-bearing stratum
  • pool
  • 30. 
    In geology, what term is used to describe the lowering of a land surface by wind erosion?

  • saltation
  • windage
  • deflation
  • inflation
  • 31. 
    Where is the Kalahari Desert, a large basinlike plain, located?

  • northern Africa
  • southern Africa
  • central Asia
  • western North America
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